Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is a technique used to identify specific variations in the HLA genes, which encode proteins involved in the regulation of the immune system. HLA typing is important for various medical applications, including organ transplantation, histocompatibility testing, and understanding autoimmune diseases.

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR are three major loci in the human genome that code for antigens expressed on the surface of cells and play a critical role in immune response regulation. Low-resolution HLA typing typically refers to the identification of broad antigen groups, providing general information about a person’s HLA profile.HLA matching between donors and recipients is crucial for successful organ transplantation. Low-resolution HLA typing can be used as a preliminary step to identify potential matches.